A multicomponent framework for (a) developing an understanding of the challenging behaviour displayed by an individual, based on an assessment of the social and physical environment and broader context within which it occurs; (b) with the inclusion of stakeholder perspectives and involvement; (c) using this understanding to develop, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a personalised and enduring system of support; and (d) that enhances quality of life outcomes for the focal person and other stakeholders.

Where a staff member attempts to attract a person's attention away from something to prevent or put a stop to a potentially negative interaction.

A person's actions, words or gestures exhibited as a way of responding to something negative, frustrating or confusing in their social and physical environment.

Behaviours that cause harm, injury, or damage to a person’s body, often as an expression of personal distress. Self-harming behaviour might include cutting, burning, head-banging, hitting, biting, pinching, severe scratching, swallowing objects, and self-poisoning.

Acts which are repeated over and over again and which seem to be without any apparent adaptive function unlike other behaviours (such as many instinctive acts) which, although often formally very stereotyped in form, clearly fulfil an adaptive purpose.

Having a hostile or deliberately frightening quality or manner.

The act or process of accepting someone as a patient or resident at a health or social care service.

Discontinuing all medical treatments aimed at prolonging life. This does not include the withdrawing of comfort measures. Allowing natural death encompasses DNAR.

A process conducted by a suitably qualified professional to determine a person's ability to understand information and make decisions for themselves at a particular point in time about a specific issue.

A process conducted by a suitably qualified professional to identify, understand and manage a person's behavioural needs.

When neither basic (heart compressions and ventilation) nor advanced (defibrillator or medicines) life-preserving interventions should be performed.

A measure of an individual’s level of function and ability to perform specific tasks on a safe and dependable basis over a defined period.